Repair

Stage	Timing	Main Cells/Components	Key Processes	Clinical Significance
Inflammatory Stage	3–5d	Platelets, neutrophils, macrophages	Vascular phase: hemostasis (clot formation), vasodilation & increased permeability Cellular phase: leukocyte infiltration → debris & bacteria removal	Redness, swelling, warmth, pain Wound is debrided and prepared for repair
Fibroplastic / Proliferative Stage	~1w	Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells	- Fibroblasts produce collagen & ground substance - Formation of granulation tissue - Angiogenesis (new capillaries) - Epithelial migration over wound	Tissue fills in the defect Early wound strength develops
Remodeling / Maturation Stage	~Ms	Fibroblasts, collagen fibers (type I replaces type III)	- Collagen reorganization and crosslinking - Increased tensile strength (up to 80–85% of normal tissue) - Decreased vascularity (scar becomes pale) - Wound contraction	Scar becomes more stable, functional, and cosmetically acceptable Contraction can reduce wound size but may cause deformities

Impair wound healing

Day 1-2	Week 1	Week 2-3
Blood clot forms → fibrin mesh stabilizes socket Acute inflammation → neutrophils & macrophages clear debris	Clot → Granulation tissue Fibroblasts & endothelial cells proliferate → angiogenesis Early epithelial migration from wound margins	Granulation tissue → organized ct. Collagen deposition increases Complete epithelial coverage usually achieved

Week 4-6	Months 3-6
woven bone filled sockets trabecular framework replaces fibrous tissue	Remodeling: woven bone → lamellar bone marrow space develop final healed ridge with reduce h/w