免疫

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MMPs
Matrix MetalloProteinases 造成結締組織的破壞

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis" (NUG) 和 “necrotizing
ulcerative periodontitis” (NUP) 是同一個病不同進程,都是牙周組織對細菌感染的系統性抵抗力下降。兩者差異在 NUP 影響Attachment tissue

進展

時期

Initial lesion Early lesion Established lesion Advanced lesion
day 2-4 4-7
菌種 G(+) G(+), G(-)
主導免疫球 PNMs PNMs & plasma cell plasma cell
collagen 破壞
rete pegs
pocket epi
bone loss
apical epithelial migration
其他 Normal healthy gingiva Early gingivitis Established gingivitis 初級牙周病
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Stages

疾病嚴重程度與複雜性

分期 CAL Bone loss Frucation 牙齒喪失
Stage 1 1~2mm Coronal third - 0
Stage 2 3~4mm
Stage 3 ≥5mm middle ≥ 3mm II, III ≤ 4
Stage 4 ≥5mm ≥ 5

Grading

進展速度和風險因素
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Frucation

Hamp 分類法 (1975)

Hamp 分級 戳入深度
Degree I < 3mm
Degree II >3mm ,不穿
Degree III 穿透

Mobility

Miller index

Miller index 定義
Grade 1 存在異常移動
Grade 2 存在某方向移動等於 1mm
Grade 3 多個方向移動大於 1mm , 包含旋轉、垂直

預後

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治療計畫

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牙根覆蓋術式

Miller’s classification

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Langer & Langer technique

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Modified

Bruno technique

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Hurzeler technique/Lorenzana & Allen technique (one/single excision)

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Laser De-epithelialized technique

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Split double papilla flap + CT graft (Harris, 1992)

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Envelope flap + CT graft (Raetzke, 1985)

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Modified

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Zuchelli & Sanctis (2000)

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Tunneling (Allen, 1994)

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牙周再生手術

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