脊椎

發育

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Central group

posterior gray columns

posterior gray columns (intermediate)

要知道的

灰質

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再來是各層細胞本體功能

Lamina I

Substantia gelatinosa group (laminae II)

Nucleus proprius group (laminae III, IV)

laminae V

laminae VI

Lateral column(horn)(laminae VII)

Nucleus dorsalis (Clarke’s column)

白質

Motor

blood supply

途徑

General somatic afferent (GSA)

Exteroceptive GSA-1 (痛、溫覺)

lateral division of the posterior root → posterolateral tract(tract of Lissauer) →
laminae I to V → Ventral spinothalamic tract

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Exteroceptive GSA-2 (觸、壓覺)

medial division of the posterior root → posterior funiculus

Proprioceptive GSA (本體感覺)

Motor

間腦

(Dorsal) thalamus(丘腦)

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區域 縮寫 分類 功能
Anterior A Relay 邊緣
Lateral Dorsal tier LD Association 高階視覺
LP Association 高階視覺
Pulvinar Association 視覺功能、眼睛運動
Ventral
tier
VA Relay 基底核輸入
VL Relay 基底核輸入
VPL Relay 體感覺
VPM Relay 顏面感覺
Intralaminar CM - -
PF - -
Medial DM Association 高階視覺
MGB Relay 聽覺
LGB Relay 視覺
Thalamic reticular nucleus - 大腦皮質輸入

Anterior

MTT
mammillothalamic tract
graph TB m[Mammillary bodies]-->|MTT|A-->c[cingulate gyrus] c-->p[Parahippocampus]-->h[Hippocampus]-->|Fornix|m

Lateral

Medial

Thalamic reticular nucleus

Epithalamus(上丘腦、上視丘)

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Ventral thalamus

Hypothalamus(下丘腦、下視丘)


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Basal ganglia (基底核)

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Direct /Indirect

Parkinson’s disease

Huntington’s disease

小腦

Limbic System

Limbic System(邊緣系統)

Hypothalamus

解剖

Sagittal section

p:Preoptic area (optic chiasma 與anterior commissure 之間的區域)
a:Anterior region (optic chiasma 以上、hypothalamic sulcus 以下的區域)
t:Tuberal region (tuber cinereum 以上、hypothalamic sulcus 以下的區域)
po:Posterior region (mammillary body 以上、hypothalamic sulcus 以下的區域)
藍線:hypothalamic sulcus
O:optic chiasma
M:Mammillary body

Frontal section

pe:Periventricular zone
m:Medial zone
l:Lateral zone
F:fornix(位在Medial zone跟
Lateral zone的交界):Limbic system
的神經纖維(黑色的),穿過下視丘,
到mammillary body
OT:optic tract
3:第三腦室
In:interthalamic adhesion/ massa
intermedia

Horizontal section

分區功能

分區 結構 功能
Lateral zone lat. preoptic nucleus sleep-promotion
lat. tuberal nuclei & tubero-mammillary nucleus 睡眠甦醒循環
lat. nucleus feeding center

運動神經

感覺神經

Sensor fiber 適應 function
Nuclear bag Aα(Ia) SA 肌肉收縮速度
Nuclear chain 肌肉長度
Golgi tedon organ Aα(Ib) 肌腱張力
特化神經末稍 SA,RA deep touch,
vibration
游離神經末梢 Aδ, C - light touch,
溫, 痛(傷害)

疾病

視覺

orientation selectivity
度(神經會更興奮)

lateral geniculate nucleus

(V1分六層)

視覺皮層(Visual Cortex)

striate cortex,

extrastriate cortex

associated visual cortex

聽覺

graph TD c[cochlear nerve] nd[Dorsal cochlear nucleus] nv[Ventral cochlear nucleus] c-->nd & nv nd & nv-->|Mid-pons|i[對側 inferior colliculus] nv-->|Mid-pons,<br>lateral lemniscus|i[對側 inferior colliculus] nv-->|Mid-pons,<br>lateral lemniscus|j[同側 inferior colliculus] i & j --> mg[Med. geniculate nucleus] --> ac[Auditory cortex]

Auditory cortex

高階聽覺

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